①开方得,2x-1=±3,解得x1=2,x2=-1.②移项得,x2+3x=4,配方得,(x+ 3 2 )2= 25 4 ,开方得,x+ 3 2 =± 5 2 ,解得,x1=1,x2=-4.③因式分解得,(x+2)(x-4)=0,解得,x1=-2,x2=4.④方程可化为x2-7x+12=0,因式分解得,(x-3)(x-4)=0,解得x1=3,x2=4.